Reprinted from the Health District's quarterly publication mailed to district residents (Winter 2010)

Colorado’s gorgeous scenery and generally pleasant weather are the perfect ingredients for enjoying healthy outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing, hunting, cycling and skiing. But when cold, moisture, wind, or excessive heat and humidity are present, your outdoor activity could land you in the emergency room.

Even extreme indoor temperatures can lead to hypothermia or hyperthermia, which can result in irrational thinking, odd behavior, organ failure and, ultimately, death. Children, the elderly and people with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, are most at risk.

What happens
Body temperature rises too high to maintain normal bodily functions.

Causes
In hot weather and humidity, too much exertion, heavy clothing and protective equipment, dehydration and some medications can lead to heat stroke, heat exhaustion and other types of hyperthermia. People over 50 are most at risk.
 
Symptoms
Call for help if you notice an older adult has fainted, has a body temperature over 104° F, is behaving strangely, seems confused or delirious, has dry, flushed skin and a strong, rapid pulse or a slow, weak pulse.
 
Prevention
Stay hydrated. Wear clothing appropriate for the temperature. If working or playing outdoors, take frequent breaks, preferably in the shade. If indoors, turn on a fan or the air conditioning. Avoid strenuous activity during the hottest part of the day.

Treatment
Rest in a cool place. Drink water or juice. Remove excessive clothing. Sponge off with cool water.
 

What happens
Body temperature drops below that required to maintain normal bodily functions.

Causes
Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures without suitable protective clothing, shelter or gear. Made worse by wetness and wind. Being under the influence of alcohol or drugs can increase susceptibility and risk.

Symptoms
Uncontrollable shivering, confusion, clumsiness, slurred speech, shallow breathing. Skin turns pale blue or white, signaling early stages of frostbite.

Prevention
Prepare for severe weather by bringing appropriate clothing and supplies as well as a companion. Carry a survival kit and first-aid kit and know how to use them. Avoid using substances that can cloud your judgment.

Treatment
Hypothermia is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. “We definitely see more cases of hypothermia than hyperthermia,” says Dr. Jamie Teumer, emergency room physician and medical director at the Medical Center of the Rockies. “The first thing you want to do is get warm and dry and stay warm. The worst thing is to get warm and then get cold again.” Rewarm damaged skin gradually; do not rub frostbitten areas. Drink warm, nonalcoholic liquids. Eat quick-energy foods.